TLDR The Metamorphosis

The Metamorphosis

by Franz Kafka

Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman, wakes up transformed into a giant insect. His boss's chief clerk shows up, sees him, and flees. Gregor's father drives him back into his room, hurling apples, and one lodges in his back. His sister Grete feeds him at first, then decides the family must get rid of him. Gregor wastes away and dies. The cleaning woman sweeps him out. Mr. Samsa, Mrs. Samsa, and Grete take a tram to the countryside, relieved, and notice Grete has grown up.

• Kafka banned the bug from his cover. In 1915 he wrote to his publisher, Kurt Wolff, after hearing an illustrator might draw Gregor. The insect itself, he said, must not be depicted, not even from a distance.
• The bug is never actually named. The German text calls Gregor an 'ungeheures Ungeziefer,' roughly a monstrous vermin. Ungeziefer is a catch-all for unwanted creepy-crawlies, so no species is ever given, cockroach included.
• Nabokov taught Gregor as a beetle. In his lectures on Kafka, the novelist Vladimir Nabokov argued Gregor is a beetle with wings folded under his shell. Gregor never realizes he could use them, which Nabokov found telling.

• “His family is cruel from page one.” Hardly. Grete is the first to care for him, and she brings him milk and bread, then an assortment of food to test his taste. The decay is gradual, and money drives it.
• “He turns back into a human at the end.” Absolutely not. Gregor dies still an insect, and the cleaning woman finds the body and sweeps it away. The only human transformation at the end is Grete, who has grown up.
• “Gregor was a lowly office clerk.” Wrong desk. Gregor is a traveling salesman of cloth samples who supports his whole family. The chief clerk is the one from the office, and he arrives to ask why Gregor missed his train.

• If they say: “It's just a story about a guy who becomes a bug.”
  You say: “I'd say it's about money. Gregor pays off his father's debt and supports everyone, and once he can't work, the family has to get jobs and takes in lodgers.”
• If they say: “That ending is bleak. He just dies.”
  You say: “Bleak, sure, but the last scene belongs to the others. The Samsas take a tram to the countryside, make plans, and notice that Grete has grown into a young woman.”